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In psychology and logic, rationalization or rationalisation (also known as making excuses〔(Understanding Rationalization: Making Excuses as an Effective Manipulation Tactic )〕) is a defense mechanism in which controversial behaviors or feelings are justified and explained in a seemingly rational or logical manner to avoid the true explanation, and are made consciously tolerable – or even admirable and superior – by plausible means.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://depression.about.com/od/glossary/g/rationalization.htm )〕 It is also an informal fallacy of reasoning.〔()〕 Rationalisation happens in two steps: # A decision, action, judgement is made for a given reason, or no (known) reason at all (in cases for instance of dogmatic judgement or normal behaviour). # A rationalisation is performed, constructing a seemingly good or logical reason, as an attempt to justify the act after the fact (for oneself or others). Rationalization encourages irrational or unacceptable behavior, motives, or feelings and often involves ad hoc hypothesizing. This process ranges from fully conscious (e.g. to present an external defense against ridicule from others) to mostly unconscious (e.g. to create a block against internal feelings of guilt). People rationalize for various reasons — sometimes when we think we know ourselves better than we do. Rationalization may differentiate the original deterministic explanation of the behavior or feeling in question.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Defenses )〕 ==History== Quintilian and classical rhetoric used the term ''color'' for the presenting of an action in the most favourable possible perspective.〔Peter Green trans., ''Juvenal: The Sixteen Satires'' "Middlesex 1982) p. 156〕 Laurence Sterne in the eighteenth century took up the point, arguing that, were a man to consider his actions, "he will soon find, that such of them, as strong inclination and custom have prompted him to commit, are generally dressed out and painted with all the false beauties () which, a soft and flattering hand can give them".〔Lawrence Sterne, ''Tristram Shandy'' (Middlesex 1976) p. 147〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Rationalization (psychology)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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